Both national and local governments should adopt smart solutions and invest in emerging technologies to deal with risks such as climate change, natural hazards, and the COVID-19 pandemic. The rising population and rapid urbanization demand the adoption of more process, product, organizational, and communication innovations, and smart reforms to address environmental concerns, socioeconomic problems, and other related issues.
For local governments, the provision of critical services to the public, particularly in the sectors of public health, agriculture, and social welfare, requires smart solutions that can provide digital avenues for health consultation, agricultural extension and research, and social protection and monitoring. While there has been progress in the country’s digital governance indices in recent years, particularly on e-participation, e-government, online service, and e-infrastructure, human capital index is an area for improvement.